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DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. Milvus vs. MongoDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. Milvus vs. MongoDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonMongoDB  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricA DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesOne of the most popular document stores available both as a fully managed cloud service and for deployment on self-managed infrastructureA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelSearch engineVector DBMSDocument storeGraph DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infointegrated Lucene index, currently in MongoDB Atlas only.
Time Series DBMS infoTime Series Collections introduced in Release 5.0
Vector DBMS infocurrently available in the MongoDB Atlas cloud service only
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score134.79
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score1.70
Rank#150  Overall
#5  Vector DBMS
Score424.53
Rank#5  Overall
#1  Document stores
Score2.36
Rank#124  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score4.39
Rank#82  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#44  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchmilvus.iowww.mongodb.comgithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
virtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlmilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mdwww.mongodb.com/­docs/­manualdocs.nebula-graph.iodocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperElasticMongoDB, IncVesoft Inc.OpenLink Software
Initial release20102019200920191998
Current release8.6, January 20232.3.4, January 20246.0.7, June 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoElastic LicenseOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoMongoDB Inc.'s Server Side Public License v1. Prior versions were published under GNU AGPL v3.0. Commercial licenses are also available.Open Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonono infoMongoDB available as DBaaS (MongoDB Atlas)nono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for MilvusMongoDB Atlas: Global multi-cloud database with unmatched data distribution and mobility across AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud, built-in automation for resource and workload optimization, and so much more.
Implementation languageJavaC++, GoC++C++C
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
LinuxAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-free infoAlthough schema-free, documents of the same collection often follow the same structure. Optionally impose all or part of a schema by defining a JSON schema.Strong typed schemayes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesVector, Numeric and Stringyes infostring, integer, double, decimal, boolean, date, object_id, geospatialyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexednoyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languagenoRead-only SQL queries via the MongoDB Atlas SQL InterfaceSQL-like query languageyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
RESTful HTTP APIGraphQL
HTTP REST
Prisma
proprietary protocol using JSON
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Actionscript infounofficial driver
C
C#
C++
Clojure infounofficial driver
ColdFusion infounofficial driver
D infounofficial driver
Dart infounofficial driver
Delphi infounofficial driver
Erlang
Go
Groovy infounofficial driver
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Lisp infounofficial driver
Lua infounofficial driver
MatLab infounofficial driver
Perl
PHP
PowerShell infounofficial driver
Prolog infounofficial driver
Python
R infounofficial driver
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Smalltalk infounofficial driver
Swift
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoJavaScriptuser defined functionsyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenoyes infoin MongoDB Atlas onlyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoPartitioned by hashed, ranged, or zoned sharding keys. Live resharding allows users to change their shard keys as an online operation with zero downtime.Shardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-Source deployments with MongoDB Atlas Global Clusters
Source-replica replication
Causal Clustering using Raft protocolChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsES-Hadoop Connectornoyesnoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Eventual Consistency infocan be individually decided for each read operation
Immediate Consistency infodefault behaviour
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonono infotypically not used, however similar functionality with DBRef possibleyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoMulti-document ACID Transactions with snapshot isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infooptional, enabled by defaultyes infousing RocksDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationyesyes infoIn-memory storage engine introduced with MongoDB version 3.2yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRole based access control and fine grained access rightsAccess rights for users and rolesRole-based access controlFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
ElasticsearchMilvusMongoDBNebulaGraphVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsMilvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more
MongoDB provides an integrated suite of cloud database and data services to accelerate...
» more
NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesHighly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more
Built around the flexible document data model and unified API, MongoDB is a developer...
» more
NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosRAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more
AI-enriched intelligent apps (Continental, Telefonica, Iron Mountain) Internet of...
» more
Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersMilvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
ADP, Adobe, Amadeus, AstraZeneca, Auto Trader, Barclays, BBVA, Bosch, Cisco, CERN,...
» more
Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsAs of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
» more
Hundreds of millions downloads, over 150,000+ Atlas clusters provisioned every month...
» more
At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMilvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more
MongoDB database server: Server-Side Public License (SSPL) . Commercial licenses...
» more
NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
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