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DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RDF4J vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RDF4J vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelSearch engineDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRDF storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Spatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score134.79
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score30.39
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score78.51
Rank#15  Overall
#10  Relational DBMS
Score0.72
Rank#234  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score2.03
Rank#136  Overall
#12  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitewww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaserdf4j.orgwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmllearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlrdf4j.org/­documentationdocs.stardog.com
DeveloperElasticMicrosoftMicrosoftSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Stardog-Union
Initial release20102014201020042010
Current release8.6, January 2023V127.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoElastic LicensecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++JavaJava
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedhostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-freeyesyes infoRDF Schemasschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoJSON typesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageSQL-like query languageyesnoYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJavaScriptTransact SQLyesuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureJavaScriptyesyesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes, with always 3 replicas availablenoneMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsES-Hadoop Connectorwith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
ElasticsearchMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameStardog
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