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DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelSearch engine
Vector DBMS
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score123.81
Rank#9  Overall
#1  Search engines
#1  Vector DBMS
Score0.58
Rank#239  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#34  Key-value stores
Score3.00
Rank#86  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchwww.graphengine.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperElasticMicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release201020102019
Current release8.6, January 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoElastic LicenseOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJava.NET and C
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM.NEThosted
Data schemeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languagenoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
RESTful HTTP APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioningSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsES-Hadoop ConnectorSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
ElasticsearchGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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Recent citations in the news

GitHub releases Vulcanizer, a new Golang Library for operating Elasticsearch
18 May 2025, Packt

OpenSearch in 2025: Much more than an Elasticsearch fork
28 April 2025, InfoWorld

Elasticsearch will be open source again as CTO declares changed landscape
2 September 2024, devclass

Elastic Delivers Performance Gains for Users Running Elasticsearch on Google Axion Processors
10 April 2025, Business Wire

Elasticsearch Was Great, But Vector Databases Are the Future
18 November 2024, The New Stack

provided by Google News

Trinity
30 October 2010, Microsoft

Microsoft Demos New Office 365 and SharePoint Online Collaboration Technologies
3 March 2014, Redmondmag.com

The graph analytics landscape 2019
27 February 2019, Data Science Central

IBM releases Graph, a service that can outperform SQL databases
27 July 2016, GeekWire

Hey, corporate types. Microsoft would really love to pick your brains about Project Cortex
5 November 2019, theregister.com

provided by Google News

Universal Destinations & Experiences proactively improves guest satisfaction with Azure Data Explorer
14 February 2025, Microsoft

Log and Telemetry Analytics Performance Benchmark
16 August 2022, Gigaom

Azure Data Explorer: Log and telemetry analytics benchmark
16 August 2022, Microsoft Azure

Azure Data Explorer Supports Native Ingestion from Amazon S3
7 September 2022, infoq.com

Azure Data Explorer gets new engine, numerous enhancements and Synapse integration
14 October 2020, ZDNET

provided by Google News



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