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DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelSearch engineDocument storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score134.78
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score4.49
Rank#79  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchcloud.google.com/­datastorewww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperElasticGooglePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release201020081989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release8.6, January 202316.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoElastic LicensecommercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageJavaC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes, details hereyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageSQL-like query language (GQL)yes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesusing Google App Engineuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replication using PaxosSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsES-Hadoop Connectoryes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

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More resources
ElasticsearchGoogle Cloud DatastorePostgreSQL
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Monitoring PostgreSQL with Redgate Monitor
Webinar, 10-11am CT / 4-5pm BST, 22 May 2024

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