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DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. VoltDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonVoltDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Distributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS infoUsed for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory
Primary database modelSearch engineKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score134.78
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score3.58
Rank#92  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score2.89
Rank#105  Overall
#53  Relational DBMS
Score1.46
Rank#159  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchcloud.google.com/­bigtablecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.voltdb.com
Technical documentationwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.voltdb.com
DeveloperElasticGoogleGoogleVoltDB Inc.
Initial release2010201520172010
Current release8.6, January 202311.3, April 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoElastic LicensecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJava, C++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedhostedLinux
OS X infofor development
Data schemeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexednoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languagenoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infoonly a subset of SQL 99
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
C++
Erlang infonot officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnonoJava
Triggersyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsES-Hadoop Connectoryesyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno infoFOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoAtomic single-row operationsACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID infoTransactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoData access is serialized by the server
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoSnapshots and command logging
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Users and roles with access to stored procedures

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More resources
ElasticsearchGoogle Cloud BigtableGoogle Cloud SpannerVoltDB
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