DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. Google BigQuery vs. InfluxDB vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. Google BigQuery vs. InfluxDB vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene

Elasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metric

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

DBMS for storing time series, events and metrics

A multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Primary database model

Search engine

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

Spatial DBMS

with GEO package

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	134.78
Rank	#7	Overall
	#1	Search engines

Score	61.90
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	26.56
Rank	#28	Overall
	#1	Time Series DBMS

Score	2.96
Rank	#103	Overall
	#18	Document stores
	#17	Key-value stores
	#52	Relational DBMS

Score	2.05
Rank	#129	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

www.elastic.co/elasticsearch

cloud.google.com/bigquery

www.influxdata.com/products/influxdb-overview

www.oracle.com/database/nosql/technologies/nosql

www.stardog.com

Technical documentation

www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

docs.influxdata.com/influxdb

docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/nosql-database/index.html

docs.stardog.com

Developer

Elastic

Google

Oracle

Stardog-Union

Initial release

2010

2013

2011

2010

Current release

8.6, January 2023

2.7.5, January 2024

23.3, December 2023

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Elastic License

commercial

Open Source

MIT-License; commercial enterprise version available

Open Source

Proprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Linux
OS X

through Homebrew

Linux
Solaris SPARC/x86

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent

yes

schema-free

Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Numeric data and Strings

optional

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

yes

SQL-like query language

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

HTTP API
JSON over UDP

RESTful HTTP API

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala

C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

in JavaScript

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

by using the 'percolation' feature

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

in enterprise version only

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

selectable replication factor

in enterprise version only

Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

ES-Hadoop Connector

with Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

depending on configuration

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

configurable

ACID within a storage node (=shard)

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

Memcached and Redis integration

yes

Depending on used storage engine

yes

off heap cache

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

simple rights management via user accounts

Access rights for users and roles

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Key customers

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Market metrics

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Licensing and pricing models

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