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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Elasticsearch vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Elasticsearch vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. VoltDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure AI Search  Xexclude from comparisonVoltDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.Search-as-a-service for web and mobile app developmentDistributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS infoUsed for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory
Primary database modelRelational DBMSSearch engineDocument storeSearch engineRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score14.03
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score134.78
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score15.00
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score5.71
Rank#64  Overall
#8  Search engines
Score1.46
Rank#159  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchfirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databaseazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­searchwww.voltdb.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databaselearn.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­searchdocs.voltdb.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaElasticGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014MicrosoftVoltDB Inc.
Initial release20132010201220152010
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.6, January 2023V111.3, April 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoElastic LicensecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaJava, C++
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMhostedhostedLinux
OS X infofor development
Data schemeyesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query languagenonoyes infoonly a subset of SQL 99
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIJava API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
C#
Java
JavaScript
Python
C#
C++
Erlang infonot officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyeslimited functionality with using 'rules'noJava
Triggersnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureCallbacks are triggered when data changesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceES-Hadoop Connectornonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononono infoFOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoyesnoACID infoTransactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infoData access is serialized by the server
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoSnapshots and command logging
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noMemcached and Redis integrationno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosyes, based on authentication and database rulesyes infousing Azure authenticationUsers and roles with access to stored procedures

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More resources
Apache ImpalaElasticsearchFirebase Realtime DatabaseMicrosoft Azure AI SearchVoltDB
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