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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Elasticsearch vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Oracle

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Elasticsearch vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Oracle

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure AI Search  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.Search-as-a-service for web and mobile app developmentWidely used RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSSearch engineDocument storeSearch engineRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Vector DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score15.06
Rank#39  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score134.79
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score15.07
Rank#38  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score5.72
Rank#66  Overall
#8  Search engines
Score1221.06
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchfirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databaseazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­searchwww.oracle.com/­database
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databaselearn.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­searchdocs.oracle.com/­en/­database
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaElasticGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014MicrosoftOracle
Initial release20132010201220151980
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.6, January 2023V123c, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoElastic Licensecommercialcommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaC and C++
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMhostedhostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Data schemeyesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-freeyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columns
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query languagenonoyes infowith proprietary extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIJDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
C#
Java
JavaScript
Python
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyeslimited functionality with using 'rules'noPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possible
Triggersnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureCallbacks are triggered when data changesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceES-Hadoop Connectornonono infocan be realized in PL/SQL
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoyesnoACID infoisolation level can be parameterized
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noMemcached and Redis integrationnoyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosyes, based on authentication and database rulesyes infousing Azure authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaElasticsearchFirebase Realtime DatabaseMicrosoft Azure AI SearchOracle
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