DBMS > DuckDB vs. SurrealDB vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. SurrealDB vs. TypeDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

A fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS

TypeDB provides developers with an expressive, customizable type system to manage their data using an award-winning query language, TypeQL, while building on a high-performance, distributed architecture.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

Graph DBMS

The type-theoretic data model of TypeDB subsumes the graph database model.
Object oriented DBMS

The data model of TypeDB comprises object-oriented features such as class inheritance and interfaces.
Relational DBMS

The type-theoretic data model of TypeDB subsumes the relational database model.

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	7.44
Rank	#44	Overall
	#27	Relational DBMS

Score	1.08
Rank	#176	Overall
	#30	Document stores
	#16	Graph DBMS

Score	0.59
Rank	#233	Overall
	#20	Graph DBMS
	#10	Object oriented DBMS
	#107	Relational DBMS

Website

duckdb.org

surrealdb.com

typedb.com

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

surrealdb.com/docs

typedb.com/docs

Developer

SurrealDB Ltd

Vaticle

Initial release

2018

2022

2016

Current release

1.0.0, June 2024

v1.5.0, May 2024

2.28.3, June 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

GPL Version 3, commercial licenses available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Rust

Java

Server operating systems

server-less

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket

gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (IDE)

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust

All JVM based languages
C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Triggers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Synchronous replication via raft

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

substituted by the relationship feature

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes, based on authentication and database rules

yes

at REST API level; other APIs in progress

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Recent citations in the news

Hands-On Exploratory Data Analysis with DuckDB
17 May 2025, Packt

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1 May 2025, KDnuggets

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18 March 2025, Amazon Web Services

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23 April 2025, Hackaday

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4 December 2024, SiliconANGLE

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18 June 2024, TechCrunch

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