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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Snowflake vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Snowflake vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonSnowflake  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSCloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured dataVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.44
Rank#44  Overall
#27  Relational DBMS
Score172.01
Rank#6  Overall
#5  Relational DBMS
Score2.79
Rank#89  Overall
#15  Document stores
#5  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#48  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#10  Search engines
Websiteduckdb.orgwww.snowflake.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsdocs.snowflake.net/­manuals/­index.htmldocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperSnowflake Computing Inc.OpenLink Software
Initial release201820141998
Current release1.0.0, June 20247.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C
Server operating systemsserver-lesshostedAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyes infosupport of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)yes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functionsyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnono infosimilar concept for controling cloud resourcesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyesyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyesChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authenticationFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

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More resources
DuckDBSnowflakeVirtuoso
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Hands-On Exploratory Data Analysis with DuckDB
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Analyzing JSON Data with DuckDB and SQL
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