DBMS > DuckDB vs. SQLite vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. SQLite vs. SurrealDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

A fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	7.44
Rank	#44	Overall
	#27	Relational DBMS

Score	117.77
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Score	1.08
Rank	#176	Overall
	#30	Document stores
	#16	Graph DBMS

Website

duckdb.org

www.sqlite.org

surrealdb.com

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

surrealdb.com/docs

Developer

Dwayne Richard Hipp

SurrealDB Ltd

Initial release

2018

2000

2022

Current release

1.0.0, June 2024

3.46.1 (13 August 2024), August 2024

v1.5.0, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

Public Domain

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Rust

Server operating systems

server-less

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

dynamic column types

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

via file-system locks

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes, based on authentication and database rules

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More resources

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Recent citations in the news

Hands-On Exploratory Data Analysis with DuckDB
8 May 2025, Packt

Streamlining access to tabular datasets stored in Amazon S3 Tables with DuckDB | Amazon Web Services
18 March 2025, Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Analyzing JSON Data with DuckDB and SQL
1 May 2025, KDnuggets

Abusing DuckDB-WASM To Create Doom In SQL
23 April 2025, Hackaday

DuckDB project releases Local web UI, but not as open source
19 March 2025, devclass

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10 May 2025, Phoronix

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26 September 2024, The Cloudflare Blog

SQLite re-implemented in Rust to achieve asynchronous I/O and other changes
12 December 2024, devclass

How to install SQLite on Windows
20 October 2024, theserverside.com

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4 November 2024, The Hacker News

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7 December 2024, insideAI News

SurrealDB Empowers Developers to Build Applications with the Launch of SurrealDB University
15 October 2024, Business Wire

SurrealDB's Surreal Cloud debuts on AWS S3 for scalable multimodel database as a service
4 December 2024, siliconangle.com

SurrealDB is helping developers consolidate their databases
18 June 2024, TechCrunch

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18 June 2024, EU-Startups

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