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DBMS > DuckDB vs. NSDb vs. PostgreSQL vs. Titan vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. NSDb vs. PostgreSQL vs. Titan vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonNSDb  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSScalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of KubernetesWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Graph DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.68
Rank#76  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#396  Overall
#42  Time Series DBMS
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.09
Rank#351  Overall
#47  Document stores
Websiteduckdb.orgnsdb.iowww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titangithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsnsdb.io/­Architecturewww.postgresql.org/­docsgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wikiwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerAurelius, owned by DataStaxJuxt Ltd.
Initial release201820171989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20122019
Current release0.10, February 202416.2, February 20241.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache license, version 2.0Open Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageC++Java, ScalaCJavaClojure
Server operating systemsserver-lessLinux
macOS
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes: int, bigint, decimal, stringyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensionsnolimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
Java
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Clojure
Java
Python
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yesno
Triggersnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyes infovia pluggable storage backendsnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engineno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes infoRelationships in graphno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesUsing Apache Luceneyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcastyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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More resources
DuckDBNSDbPostgreSQLTitanXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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