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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle vs. RocksDB vs. SAP HANA

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle vs. RocksDB vs. SAP HANA

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonRocksDB  Xexclude from comparisonSAP HANA  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used RDBMSEmbeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.46
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score845.81
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score1221.06
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score4.52
Rank#80  Overall
#10  Key-value stores
Score45.49
Rank#22  Overall
#16  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.oracle.com/­databaserocksdb.orgwww.sap.com/­products/­hana.html
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasegithub.com/­facebook/­rocksdb/­wikihelp.sap.com/­hana
DeveloperMicrosoftOracleFacebook, Inc.SAP
Initial release20181989198020132010
Current release0.10, February 2024SQL Server 2022, November 202223c, September 20238.10.0, December 20232.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono infoalso available as a cloud based service
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++C and C++C++
Server operating systemsserver-lessLinux
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
LinuxAppliance or cloud-service
Data schemeyesyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesyes infowith proprietary extensionsnoyes
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
C++ API
Java API
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavaPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possiblenoSQLScript, R
Triggersnoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationSharding, horizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioningyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yesyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infocan be realized in PL/SQLnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedyesACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoyes

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Speedb: A high performance RocksDB-compliant key-value store optimized for write-intensive workloads.
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More resources
DuckDBMicrosoft SQL ServerOracleRocksDBSAP HANA
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