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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. OpenQM vs. Stardog vs. TempoIQ

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. OpenQM vs. Stardog vs. TempoIQ

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonOpenQM infoalso called QM  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonTempoIQ infoformerly TempoDB  Xexclude from comparison
TempoIQ seems to be decommissioned. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerQpenQM is a high-performance, self-tuning, multi-value DBMSEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationScalable analytics DBMS for sensor data, provided as a service (SaaS)
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSMultivalue DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.46
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score78.51
Rank#15  Overall
#10  Relational DBMS
Score0.38
Rank#278  Overall
#10  Multivalue DBMS
Score2.03
Rank#136  Overall
#12  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websiteduckdb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.rocketsoftware.com/­products/­rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/­rocket-open-qmwww.stardog.comtempoiq.com (offline)
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.stardog.com
DeveloperMicrosoftRocket Software, originally Martin PhillipsStardog-UnionTempoIQ
Initial release20182010199320102012
Current release0.10, February 2024V123.4-127.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license availablecommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentscommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++Java
Server operating systemsserver-lesshostedAIX
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Solaris
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyes infowith some exceptionsschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesno infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesnoYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serverno
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Basic
C
Java
Objective C
PHP
Python
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQLyesuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javano
Triggersnoyesyesyes infovia event handlersyes infoRealtime Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyesnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyes, with always 3 replicas availableyesMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyes inforelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelAccess rights for users and rolessimple authentication-based access control

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More resources
DuckDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureOpenQM infoalso called QMStardogTempoIQ infoformerly TempoDB
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