DBMS > DuckDB vs. Kuzu vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Kuzu vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

An embeddable property Graph DBMS built for query speed and scalability

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	6.71
Rank	#51	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	0.07
Rank	#350	Overall
	#37	Graph DBMS

Website

duckdb.org

kuzudb.com

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

docs.kuzudb.com

Developer

8Kdata

Initial release

2018

2022

2016

Current release

1.0.0, June 2024

0.4.2, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

MIT license

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

server-less

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

CLI Client
Cypher Query Language

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Python
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Triggers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles

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More resources

Recent citations in the news

Streamlining access to tabular datasets stored in Amazon S3 Tables with DuckDB
18 March 2025, AWS Blog

DuckDB project releases Local web UI, but not as open source
19 March 2025, DevClass

DuckDB + Webassembly = WhatTheDuck
2 January 2025, iProgrammer

A Guide to Data Analysis in Python with DuckDB
18 November 2024, KDnuggets

DeepSeek AI Releases Smallpond: A Lightweight Data Processing Framework Built on DuckDB and 3FS
2 March 2025, MarkTechPost

provided by Google News

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