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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft SQL Server

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSWell established RDBMSMicrosofts flagship relational DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score6.71
Rank#51  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#79  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score788.14
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingreswww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-server
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsdocs.actian.com/­ingreslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
DeveloperActian CorporationMicrosoft
Initial release20181974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s1989
Current release1.0.0, June 202412.0, July 2024SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CC++
Server operating systemsserver-lessAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesyes
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
Triggersnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslytables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneIngres Replicatoryes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DuckDBIngresMicrosoft SQL Server
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Recent citations in the news

Streamlining access to tabular datasets stored in Amazon S3 Tables with DuckDB
18 March 2025, AWS Blog

DuckDB project releases Local web UI, but not as open source
19 March 2025, DevClass

DeepSeek AI Releases Smallpond: A Lightweight Data Processing Framework Built on DuckDB and 3FS
2 March 2025, MarkTechPost

DuckDB + Webassembly = WhatTheDuck
2 January 2025, iProgrammer

MotherDuck Announces Beta Release of pg_duckdb; Brings DuckDB's Analytics Power to PostgreSQL Users
24 October 2024, PR Newswire

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Actian Launches Ingres 12.0 Database
4 June 2024, PR Newswire

Actian Launches Ingres as a Fully-Managed Cloud Service
24 September 2021, Integration Developers

Actian Unveils Ingres NeXt Initiative at Actian Hybrid Data Conference 2021
25 May 2021, Business Wire

PostgreSQL now top developer choice ahead of MySQL, according to massive new survey
13 June 2023, DevClass

Postgres pioneer Michael Stonebraker promises to upend the database once more
26 December 2023, The Register

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Microsoft SQL Server 2019 shuffles out of mainstream support
4 March 2025, The Register

SQL Server 2019 installation for Lab
27 January 2025, community.spiceworks.com

Announcing Microsoft SQL Server 2025: Enterprise AI-ready database from ground to cloud
19 November 2024, Microsoft

Ola Hallengren’s SQL Server Maintenance Solution in AWS
9 March 2025, AWS Blog

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10 March 2025, Built In

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