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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Spark SQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score14.03
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score4.68
Rank#76  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score78.40
Rank#15  Overall
#10  Relational DBMS
Score19.15
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgduckdb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasespark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlduckdb.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftApache Software Foundation
Initial release2013201820102014
Current release4.1.0, June 20220.10, February 2024V123.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++C++Scala
Server operating systemsLinuxserver-lesshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesyesSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoTransact SQLno
Triggersnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factornoneyes, with always 3 replicas availablenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
Apache ImpalaDuckDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureSpark SQL
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Recent citations in the news

Apache Impala 4 Supports Operator Multi-Threading
29 July 2021, iProgrammer

Apache Impala becomes Top-Level Project
28 November 2017, SDTimes.com

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Seattle startup MotherDuck raises $52.5M at a $400M valuation to fuel DuckDB analytics platform
20 September 2023, GeekWire

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20 September 2023, PR Newswire

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1 October 2023, InfoQ.com

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Cloudera: Impala's it for interactive SQL on Hadoop; everything else will move to Spark
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