DBMS > DuckDB vs. HugeGraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle vs. PouchDB

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. HugeGraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle vs. PouchDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

A fast-speed and highly-scalable Graph DBMS

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Widely used RDBMS

JavaScript DBMS with an API inspired by CouchDB

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.68
Rank	#76	Overall
	#41	Relational DBMS

Score	0.15
Rank	#339	Overall
	#33	Graph DBMS

Score	829.80
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	1234.27
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#116	Overall
	#22	Document stores

Website

duckdb.org

github.com/hugegraph
hugegraph.apache.org

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.oracle.com/database

pouchdb.com

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

hugegraph.apache.org/docs

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.oracle.com/en/database

pouchdb.com/guides

Developer

Baidu

Microsoft

Oracle

Apache Software Foundation

Initial release

2018

1989

1980

2012

Current release

0.10, February 2024

0.9

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

23c, September 2023

7.1.1, June 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

C and C++

JavaScript

Server operating systems

server-less

Linux
macOS
Unix

Linux
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

Data scheme

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

also supports composite index and range index

yes

via views

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
TinkerPop Gremlin

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

HTTP REST

only for PouchDB Server
JavaScript API

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

Groovy
Java
Python

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

JavaScript

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

asynchronous Gremlin script jobs

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

View functions in JavaScript

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Sharding

with a proxy-based framework, named couchdb-lounge

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication

also with CouchDB databases
Source-replica replication

also with CouchDB databases

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

via hugegraph-spark

can be realized in PL/SQL

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

edges in graph

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by using IndexedDB, WebSQL or LevelDB as backend

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users, roles and permissions

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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