DBMS > Dgraph vs. NuoDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Riak KV vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. NuoDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Riak KV vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

Distributed, fault tolerant key-value store

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Key-value store

with links between data sets and object tags for the creation of secondary indexes

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.48
Rank	#158	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	0.99
Rank	#195	Overall
	#92	Relational DBMS

Score	645.05
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	4.44
Rank	#80	Overall
	#9	Key-value stores

Score	0.09
Rank	#351	Overall
	#47	Document stores

Website

dgraph.io

www.3ds.com/nuodb-distributed-sql-database

www.postgresql.org

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

doc.nuodb.com

www.postgresql.org/docs

www.tiot.jp/riak-docs/riak/kv/latest

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Dassault Systèmes

originally NuoDB, Inc.

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

OpenSource, formerly Basho Technologies

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2016

2013

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2009

2019

Current release

16.2, February 2024

3.2.0, December 2022

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Apache version 2, commercial enterprise edition

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C++

Erlang

Clojure

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Linux
OS X

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard with numerous extensions

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

HTTP API
Native Erlang Interface

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

unofficial client library
C#
C++

unofficial client library
Clojure

unofficial client library
Dart

unofficial client library
Erlang
Go

unofficial client library
Groovy

unofficial client library
Haskell

unofficial client library
Java
JavaScript

unofficial client library
Lisp

unofficial client library
Perl

unofficial client library
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

unofficial client library
Smalltalk

unofficial client library

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java, SQL

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Erlang

Triggers

yes

pre-commit hooks and post-commit hooks

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

data is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

yes

Managed transparently by NuoDB

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

selectable replication factor

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

links between data sets can be stored

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

tunable commit protocol

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Temporary table

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes, using Riak Security

More information provided by the system vendor

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