DBMS > Dgraph vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle vs. Tibero vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle vs. Tibero vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Widely used RDBMS

A secure RDBMS, designed for easy portability from Oracle

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	1.78
Rank	#140	Overall
	#64	Relational DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

dgraph.io

github.com/google/leveldb

www.oracle.com/database

us.tmaxsoft.com/products/tibero

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

docs.oracle.com/en/database

technet.tmaxsoft.com/upload/download/online/tibero/pver-20150504-000002/index.html

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Google

Oracle

TmaxSoft

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2016

2011

1980

2003

2019

Current release

1.23, February 2021

23c, September 2023

6, April 2015

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

BSD

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

C and C++

C and Assembler

Clojure

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Tibero CLI

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

C
C#
C++
Cobol
Java
Objective-C
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Persistent Stored Procedure (PSM)

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

none

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

horizontal partitioning

by range, hash, list or composite

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

planned for next version

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard (SQL 92, SQL 99)

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