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DBMS > Dgraph vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Tibero vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Tibero vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTibero  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA secure RDBMS, designed for easy portability from OracleA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelGraph DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.48
Rank#158  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score2.75
Rank#107  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score5.16
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score1.81
Rank#143  Overall
#65  Relational DBMS
Score0.09
Rank#351  Overall
#47  Document stores
Websitedgraph.iogithub.com/­google/­leveldbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerus.tmaxsoft.com/­products/­tiberogithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorertechnet.tmaxsoft.com/­upload/­download/­online/­tibero/­pver-20150504-000002/­index.htmlwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleMicrosoftTmaxSoftJuxt Ltd.
Initial release20162011201920032019
Current release1.23, February 2021cloud service with continuous releases6, April 20151.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++C and AssemblerClojure
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyeslimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Tibero CLI
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Java
Objective-C
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RPersistent Stored Procedure (PSM)no
Triggersnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioning infoby range, hash, list or compositenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via Raftnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono infoplanned for next version
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesnoAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard (SQL 92, SQL 99)

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More resources
DgraphLevelDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTiberoXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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