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DBMS > Dgraph vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SpaceTime

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SpaceTime

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonSpaceTime  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSSpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.
Primary database modelGraph DBMSKey-value storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSSpatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.53
Rank#164  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#100  Overall
#16  Key-value stores
Score30.39
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score845.81
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#394  Overall
#8  Spatial DBMS
Websitedgraph.iogithub.com/­google/­leveldbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.mireo.com/­spacetime
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dblearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleMicrosoftMicrosoftMireo
Initial release20162011201419892020
Current release1.23, February 2021SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDcommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++C++C++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
Windows
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyes infoJSON typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoSQL-like query languageyesA subset of ANSI SQL is implemented
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C#
C++
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoJavaScriptTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javano
TriggersnonoJavaScriptyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationFixed-grid hypercubes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via Raftnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionReal-time block device replication (DRBD)
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesnoAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes

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More resources
DgraphLevelDBMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBMicrosoft SQL ServerSpaceTime
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