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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. ToroDB vs. VelocityDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. ToroDB vs. VelocityDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparisonVelocityDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQLA .NET Object Database that can be embedded/distributed and extended to a graph data model (VelocityGraph)
Primary database modelGraph DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument storeGraph DBMS
Object oriented DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.48
Rank#158  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score0.25
Rank#307  Overall
#43  Key-value stores
Score5.16
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#347  Overall
#35  Graph DBMS
#15  Object oriented DBMS
Websitedgraph.iogithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
azure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­torodb/­servervelocitydb.com
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docsdocs.immudb.iodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorervelocitydb.com/­UserGuide
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.CodenotaryMicrosoft8KdataVelocityDB Inc
Initial release20162020201920162011
Current release1.2.3, April 2022cloud service with continuous releases7.x
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoGoJavaC#
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
hostedAll OS with a Java 7 VMAny that supports .NET
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_idyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like syntaxKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
.Net
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynoCallbacks are triggered when data changes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via Raftyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users and rolesBased on Windows Authentication

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More resources
DgraphImmudbMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerToroDBVelocityDB
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