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DBMS > Dgraph vs. etcd vs. Hive vs. PostgreSQL vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. etcd vs. Hive vs. PostgreSQL vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonetcd  Xexclude from comparisonHive  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA distributed reliable key-value storedata warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on HadoopWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelGraph DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.53
Rank#164  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score7.66
Rank#55  Overall
#6  Key-value stores
Score64.82
Rank#18  Overall
#12  Relational DBMS
Score634.91
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score5.14
Rank#75  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.ioetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
hive.apache.orgwww.postgresql.orgpingcap.com
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docsetcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
cwiki.apache.org/­confluence/­display/­Hive/­Homewww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.Apache Software Foundation infoinitially developed by FacebookPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerPingCAP, Inc.
Initial release201620121989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2016
Current release3.4, August 20193.1.3, April 202216.2, February 20247.6.0, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageGoGoJavaCGo, Rust
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
All OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC
JSON over HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
C++
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersnoyes, watching key changesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashhorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.selectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesnoAccess rights for users, groups and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
DgraphetcdHivePostgreSQLTiDB
Specific characteristicsTiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more
Competitive advantages- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
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Typical application scenariosTiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more
Key customersBlock, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more
Market metrics34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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