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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Hive vs. MariaDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Hive vs. MariaDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonHive  Xexclude from comparisonMariaDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSdata warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on HadoopMySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.53
Rank#164  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score64.82
Rank#18  Overall
#12  Relational DBMS
Score95.03
Rank#13  Overall
#9  Relational DBMS
Score634.91
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score5.14
Rank#75  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.iohive.apache.orgmariadb.com infoSite of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org infoSite of MariaDB Foundation
www.postgresql.orgpingcap.com
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docscwiki.apache.org/­confluence/­display/­Hive/­Homemariadb.com/­kb/­en/­librarywww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.Apache Software Foundation infoinitially developed by FacebookMariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) infoThe lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL
PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerPingCAP, Inc.
Initial release201620122009 infoFork of MySQL, which was first released in 19951989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2016
Current release3.1.3, April 202211.3.2, February 202416.2, February 20247.6.0, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoGPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageGoJavaC and C++CGo, Rust
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows infoColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeyesyes infoDynamic columns are supportedyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C++
Java
PHP
Python
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infoPL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3user defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersnonoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardingseveral options for horizontal partitioning and Shardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashhorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via Raftselectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonoyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infonot for MyISAM storage engineyesyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID infonot for MyISAM storage engineACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infonot for in-memory storage engineyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infowith MEMORY storage enginenono
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
DgraphHiveMariaDBPostgreSQLTiDB
Specific characteristicsMariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
» more
TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more
Competitive advantagesMariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
» more
- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more
Typical application scenariosWeb, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
» more
TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
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Key customersDeutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
» more
Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more
Market metricsMariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
» more
34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
» more
TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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