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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. Spark SQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.53
Rank#164  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score3.37
Rank#97  Overall
#50  Relational DBMS
Score8.14
Rank#50  Overall
#32  Relational DBMS
Score19.56
Rank#34  Overall
#21  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.iocloud.google.com/­spannerwww.h2database.comspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleThomas MuellerApache Software Foundation
Initial release2016201720052014
Current release2.2.220, July 20233.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoJavaScala
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaJava
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsno
Triggersnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardingnoneyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
DgraphGoogle Cloud SpannerH2Spark SQL
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