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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. GraphDB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. GraphDB vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelGraph DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.48
Rank#158  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score3.58
Rank#92  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score3.10
Rank#100  Overall
#7  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score4.20
Rank#83  Overall
#14  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#45  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitedgraph.iocloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.ontotext.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleOntotextOpenLink Software
Initial release2016201520001998
Current release10.4, October 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoJavaC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonostored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonowell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardingnoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesMulti-source replicationChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoConstraint checkingyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic single-row operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
DgraphGoogle Cloud BigtableGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more
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More resources
DgraphGoogle Cloud BigtableGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMVirtuoso
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