DBMS > Dgraph vs. Geode vs. Greenplum vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Postgres-XL

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Geode vs. Greenplum vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Postgres-XL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Geode is a distributed data container, pooling memory, CPU, network resources, and optionally local disk across multiple processes

Analytic Database platform built on PostgreSQL. Full name is Pivotal Greenplum Database

A logical database in Greenplum is an array of individual PostgreSQL databases working together to present a single database image.

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features

Primary database model

Graph DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	1.92
Rank	#131	Overall
	#23	Key-value stores

Score	8.37
Rank	#48	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	0.49
Rank	#256	Overall
	#117	Relational DBMS

Website

dgraph.io

geode.apache.org

greenplum.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

www.postgres-xl.org

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

geode.apache.org/docs

docs.greenplum.org

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

www.postgres-xl.org/documentation

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Originally developed by Gemstone. They outsourced the project to Apache in 2015 but still deliver a commercial version as Gemfire.

Pivotal Software Inc.

Microsoft

Initial release

2016

2002

2005

2014

since 2012, originally named StormDB

Current release

1.1, February 2017

7.0.0, September 2023

10 R1, October 2018

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2; commercial licenses available as Gemfire

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Mozilla public license

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

the JDK (8 or later) is also required

Linux

hosted

Linux
macOS

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

since Version 4.2

yes

XML type, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language (OQL)

yes

SQL-like query language

yes

distributed, parallel query execution

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

Java Client API
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
All JVM based languages
C++
Groovy
Java
Scala

C
Java
Perl
Python
R

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

yes

JavaScript

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

Cache Event Listeners

yes

JavaScript

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

Multi-source replication

Source-replica replication

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes, on a single node

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

MVCC

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

Access rights per client and object definable

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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