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DBMS > Dgraph vs. FoundationDB vs. Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. FoundationDB vs. Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerA lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API
Primary database modelGraph DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.48
Rank#158  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score1.07
Rank#188  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#86  Relational DBMS
Score0.62
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score22.71
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score0.12
Rank#344  Overall
#34  Graph DBMS
Websitedgraph.iogithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.graphengine.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticstinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlin
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docsapple.github.io/­foundationdbwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.FoundationDBMicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release20162013201020162009
Current release6.2.28, November 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++.NET and CC++Java
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
.NEThosted
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnosupported in specific SQL layer onlynoyesno
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
C#
Java
PHP
Groovy
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoin SQL-layer onlyyesTransact SQLno
Triggersnonononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardinghorizontal partitioningSharding, horizontal partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via Raftyesyesnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoin SQL-layer onlynono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesno
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesoptional
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesnoyesno

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More resources
DgraphFoundationDBGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseTinkerGraph
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