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DBMS > Dgraph vs. DuckDB vs. EXASOL vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. DuckDB vs. EXASOL vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonEXASOL  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSHigh-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.48
Rank#158  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score4.68
Rank#76  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score2.25
Rank#120  Overall
#57  Relational DBMS
Score4.20
Rank#83  Overall
#14  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#45  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitedgraph.ioduckdb.orgwww.exasol.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docsduckdb.org/­docswww.exasol.com/­resourcesdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.ExasolOpenLink Software
Initial release2016201820001998
Current release0.10, February 20247.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++C
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
server-lessAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
Java
Lua
Python
R
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonouser defined functionsyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnonoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesnoneShardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftnoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infoHadoop integrationyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
DgraphDuckDBEXASOLVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale โ€” as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for โ€” Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including โ€” European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base โ€‹of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
DgraphDuckDBEXASOLVirtuoso
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