DBMS > Datomic vs. RocksDB vs. SingleStore vs. TimesTen vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. RocksDB vs. SingleStore vs. TimesTen vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

Embeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)

MySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type

In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle

Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.76
Rank	#145	Overall
	#66	Relational DBMS

Score	4.00
Rank	#84	Overall
	#11	Key-value stores

Score	5.91
Rank	#61	Overall
	#34	Relational DBMS

Score	1.35
Rank	#165	Overall
	#75	Relational DBMS

Score	4.20
Rank	#83	Overall
	#14	Document stores
	#4	Graph DBMS
	#2	Native XML DBMS
	#45	Relational DBMS
	#2	RDF stores
	#9	Search engines

Website

www.datomic.com

rocksdb.org

www.singlestore.com

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

virtuoso.openlinksw.com

Technical documentation

docs.datomic.com

github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki

docs.singlestore.com

docs.oracle.com/database/timesten-18.1

docs.openlinksw.com/virtuoso

Developer

Cognitect

Facebook, Inc.

SingleStore Inc.

Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

OpenLink Software

Initial release

2012

2013

1998

Current release

1.0.6735, June 2023

8.11.4, April 2024

8.5, January 2024

11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)

7.2.11, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

BSD

commercial

free developer edition available

commercial

Open Source

GPLv2, extended commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

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Implementation language

Java, Clojure

C++

C++, Go

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Linux

64 bit version required

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

SQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

but no triggers and foreign keys

yes

SQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API

C++ API
Java API

Cluster Management API

as HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT

Supported programming languages

Clojure
Java

C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby

Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C
C++
Java
PL/SQL

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transaction Functions

yes

PL/SQL

yes

Virtuoso PL

Triggers

By using transaction functions

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

horizontal partitioning

Sharding

hash partitioning

none

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

yes

Source-replica replication

stores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

All updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

User concepts

Access control

Fine grained access control via users, groups and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

SingleStore offers a fully-managed , distributed, highly-scalable SQL database designed...
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Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
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Competitive advantages

SingleStore’s competitive advantages include: Easy and Simplified Architecture with...
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Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenarios

Driving Fast Analytics: SingleStore delivers the fastest and most scalable reporting...
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Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
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Key customers

IEX Cloud : Improves Financial Data Distribution Speed 15x with Singlestore DB Comcast,...
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Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
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Market metrics

Customers in various industries worldwide including US and International Industry...
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Largest installed-base of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
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Licensing and pricing models

F ree Tier and Enterprise Edition
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Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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