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DBMS > Datomic vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NSDb vs. RethinkDB

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NSDb vs. RethinkDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonLokiJS  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonNSDb  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityIn-memory JavaScript DBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platformScalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of KubernetesDBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.76
Rank#145  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score0.48
Rank#262  Overall
#42  Document stores
Score5.16
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#396  Overall
#42  Time Series DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#106  Overall
#19  Document stores
Websitewww.datomic.comgithub.com/­techfort/­LokiJSazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorernsdb.iorethinkdb.com
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comtechfort.github.io/­LokiJSdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorernsdb.io/­Architecturerethinkdb.com/­docs
DeveloperCognitectMicrosoftThe Linux Foundation infosince July 2017
Initial release20122014201920172009
Current release1.0.6735, June 2023cloud service with continuous releases2.4.1, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJava, ClojureJavaScriptJava, ScalaC++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)hostedLinux
macOS
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes: int, bigint, decimal, stringyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometry
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyes infovia viewsall fields are automatically indexedall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query languageno
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIJavaScript APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
JavaScript.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Java
Scala
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction FunctionsView functions in JavaScriptYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
TriggersBy using transaction functionsyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyClient-side triggers through changefeeds
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingSharding inforange based
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoatomic operations within a single collection possiblenonoAtomic single-document operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMVCC based
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yes infoSerialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.yesUsing Apache Luceneyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlnonoAzure Active Directory Authenticationyes infousers and table-level permissions

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More resources
DatomicLokiJSMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNSDbRethinkDB
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