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DBMS > Datomic vs. Dgraph vs. PostgreSQL vs. RethinkDB

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. Dgraph vs. PostgreSQL vs. RethinkDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLDBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.08
Rank#132  Overall
#64  Relational DBMS
Score1.53
Rank#164  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score634.91
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.81
Rank#110  Overall
#20  Document stores
Websitewww.datomic.comdgraph.iowww.postgresql.orgrethinkdb.com
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comdgraph.io/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docsrethinkdb.com/­docs
DeveloperCognitectDgraph Labs, Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerThe Linux Foundation infosince July 2017
Initial release201220161989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2009
Current release1.0.6735, June 202316.2, February 20242.4.1, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache Version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageJava, ClojureGoCC++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometry
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction Functionsnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
TriggersBy using transaction functionsnoyesClient-side triggers through changefeeds
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersyespartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding inforange based
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersSynchronous replication via RaftSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDAtomic single-document operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMVCC based
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentnono
User concepts infoAccess controlnono infoPlanned for future releasesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infousers and table-level permissions

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DatomicDgraphPostgreSQLRethinkDB
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