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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. CrateDB vs. HyperSQL vs. Neo4j vs. Prometheus

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. CrateDB vs. HyperSQL vs. Neo4j vs. Prometheus

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonPrometheus  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopDistributed Database based on LuceneMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsOpen-source Time Series DBMS and monitoring system
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSGraph DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score14.03
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score0.73
Rank#229  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#19  Time Series DBMS
#8  Vector DBMS
Score3.90
Rank#85  Overall
#46  Relational DBMS
Score44.47
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score7.92
Rank#51  Overall
#2  Time Series DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcratedb.comhsqldb.orgneo4j.comprometheus.io
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcratedb.com/­docshsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlneo4j.com/­docsprometheus.io/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCrateNeo4j, Inc.
Initial release20132013200120072015
Current release4.1.0, June 20222.7.2, June 20235.18.1, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open SourceOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageC++JavaJavaJava, ScalaGo
Server operating systemsLinuxAll Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator supportAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
Windows
Data schemeyesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)yesschema-free and schema-optionalyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesNumeric data only
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono infoImport of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilityyesnono
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C++
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions (Javascript)Java, SQLyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsno
Triggersnonoyesyes infovia event handlerno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnoneyes using Neo4j FabricSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorConfigurable replication on table/partition-levelnoneCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyyes infoby Federation
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Immediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
none
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanono infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategyACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosrights management via user accountsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)no
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaCrateDBHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBNeo4jPrometheus
Specific characteristicsThe enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
» more
Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesResponse time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
» more
Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenarios​ IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
» more
Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersAcross all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
» more
Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsThe CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
» more
Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsSee CrateDB pricing >
» more
GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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