DBMS > CouchDB vs. Immudb vs. Ingres vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison CouchDB vs. Immudb vs. Ingres vs. Trafodion

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

A native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Well established RDBMS

Transactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS

Primary database model

Document store

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

using the Geocouch extension

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	10.26
Rank	#45	Overall
	#7	Document stores

Score	0.25
Rank	#307	Overall
	#43	Key-value stores

Score	4.67
Rank	#77	Overall
	#42	Relational DBMS

Website

couchdb.apache.org

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

trafodion.apache.org

Technical documentation

docs.couchdb.org/en/stable

docs.immudb.io

docs.actian.com/ingres

trafodion.apache.org/documentation.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developer

Codenotary

Actian Corporation

Apache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP

Initial release

2005

2020

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2014

Current release

3.3.3, December 2023

1.2.3, April 2022

11.2, May 2022

2.3.0, February 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Erlang

C++, Java

Server operating systems

Android
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like syntax

yes

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

C
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

View functions in JavaScript

yes

Java Stored Procedures

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

improved architecture with release 2.0

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Ingres Replicator

yes, via HBase

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

via user defined functions and HBase

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

atomic operations within a single document possible

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

strategy: optimistic locking

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users can be defined per database

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Couchbase climbs up the DB-Engines Ranking, increasing its popularity by 10% every month
2 June 2014, Matthias Gelbmann

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Recent citations in the news

How to install the CouchDB NoSQL database on Debian Server 11
16 June 2022, TechRepublic

IBM Cloudant pulls plan to fund new foundational layer for CouchDB
15 March 2022, The Register

CouchDB 3.0 ends admin party era • DEVCLASS
27 February 2020, DevClass

CouchDB 3.0 puts safety first
27 February 2020, InfoWorld

How to Connect Your Flask App With CouchDB: A NoSQL Database - MUO
14 August 2021, MakeUseOf

provided by Google News

Codenotary Releases immudb v1.9DOM
19 October 2023, Business Wire

Codenotary brings its immutable database to the cloud
21 June 2023, TechCrunch

A Step by Step Guide to immudb — the open source immutable database
18 May 2020, hackernoon.com

Immudb: Open-source database, built on a zero trust model
17 December 2021, Help Net Security

Codenotary's immudb First Immutable Open Source Database to be FedRAMP Compliant
17 October 2022, Datanami

provided by Google News

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12 March 2024, TechCrunch

Postgres pioneer Michael Stonebraker promises to upend the database once more
26 December 2023, The Register

PostgreSQL now top developer choice ahead of MySQL, according to massive new survey • DEVCLASS
13 June 2023, DevClass

Actian Launches Ingres as a Fully-Managed Cloud Service
24 September 2021, Integration Developers

Dr. Michael Stonebraker: A Short History of Database Systems
1 February 2019, The New Stack

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Low-latency, distributed database architectures are critical for emerging fog applications
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