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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. CouchDB vs. GeoSpock vs. PostgreSQL vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. CouchDB vs. GeoSpock vs. PostgreSQL vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonGeoSpock  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
GeoSpock seems to be discontinued. Therefore it will be excluded from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.Spatial and temporal data processing engine for extreme data scaleWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extensionTime Series DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score14.03
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score10.26
Rank#45  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.09
Rank#351  Overall
#47  Document stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcouchdb.apache.orggeospock.comwww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stablewww.postgresql.org/­docswww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerGeoSpockPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerJuxt Ltd.
Initial release201320051989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2019
Current release4.1.0, June 20223.3.3, December 20232.0, September 201916.2, February 20241.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++ErlangJava, JavascriptCClojure
Server operating systemsLinuxAndroid
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyes infovia viewstemporal, categoricalyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoANSI SQL for query only (using Presto)yes infostandard with numerous extensionslimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIJDBCADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceView functions in JavaScriptnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersnoyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0Automatic shardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanono infoatomic operations within a single document possiblenoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseAccess rights for users can be defined per tablefine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"GeoSpockPostgreSQLXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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