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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. CouchDB vs. Datomic vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. CouchDB vs. Datomic vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extensionDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score14.03
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score10.26
Rank#45  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score1.76
Rank#145  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score5.16
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcouchdb.apache.orgwww.datomic.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stabledocs.datomic.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerCognitectMicrosoft
Initial release2013200520122019
Current release4.1.0, June 20223.3.3, December 20231.0.6735, June 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache version 2commercial infolimited edition freecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++ErlangJava, Clojure
Server operating systemsLinuxAndroid
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java VMhosted
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyes infovia viewsyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnonoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIRESTful HTTP APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
Clojure
Java
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceView functions in JavaScriptyes infoTransaction FunctionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
TriggersnoyesBy using transaction functionsyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0none infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
none infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanono infoatomic operations within a single document possibleACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users can be defined per databasenoAzure Active Directory Authentication

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Apache ImpalaCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"DatomicMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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