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DBMS > CockroachDB vs. Neo4j vs. Solr vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. Neo4j vs. Solr vs. Stardog

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonSolr  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsA widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache LuceneEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSSearch engineGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score6.10
Rank#58  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score44.47
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score44.28
Rank#24  Overall
#3  Search engines
Score2.05
Rank#129  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitewww.cockroachlabs.comneo4j.comsolr.apache.orgwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsneo4j.com/­docssolr.apache.org/­resources.htmldocs.stardog.com
DeveloperCockroach LabsNeo4j, Inc.Apache Software FoundationStardog-Union
Initial release2015200720062010
Current release23.1.1, May 20235.18.1, March 20249.5.0, February 20247.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
CockroachDB: A cloud-native, distributed SQL database designed for speed, scale, and survival. Get started for free today with a fully-managed CockroachDB cluster -- leave operations behind and get your app to market faster.Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageGoJava, ScalaJavaJava
Server operating systemsLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java VM inforuns as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included)Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemedynamic schemaschema-free and schema-optionalyes infoDynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fieldsschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infosupports customizable data types and automatic typingyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLnoSolr Parallel SQL InterfaceYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsJDBCBolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Erlang
Java
JavaScript
any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoUser defined Procedures and FunctionsJava pluginsuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersnoyes infovia event handleryes infoUser configurable commands triggered on index changesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTyes using Neo4j FabricShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using RAFTCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyyesMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonospark-solr: github.com/­lucidworks/­spark-solr and streaming expressions to reduceno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Eventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDoptimistic lockingACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRole-based access controlUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)yesAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
CockroachDBNeo4jSolrStardog
Specific characteristicsCockroachDB is a cloud-native, distributed SQL database architected for modern applications....
» more
Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantages- EFFORTLESS SCALE: Scale your applications, not operational complexity. CockroachDB...
» more
Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosPayment processing, user account management, metadata management, identity access...
» more
Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersComcast, DoorDash, Mythical Games, Norfolk Southern, Netflix, LUSH, Bose, Shipt,...
» more
Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metrics12K+ long-running clusters 25K+ CockroachDB self-hosted clusters 75K+ CockroachDB...
» more
Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing models- Apache 2.0 for core features released up to and including the 19.1 release - Time-limited...
» more
GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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