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DBMS > CockroachDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TerarkDB

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TerarkDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonTerarkDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSA key-value store forked from RocksDB with advanced compression algorithms. It can be used standalone or as a storage engine for MySQL and MongoDB
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSKey-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score6.39
Rank#60  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score5.82
Rank#65  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score845.81
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score0.06
Rank#377  Overall
#57  Key-value stores
Websitewww.cockroachlabs.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-servergithub.com/­bytedance/­terarkdb
Technical documentationwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverbytedance.larkoffice.com/­docs/­doccnZmYFqHBm06BbvYgjsHHcKc
DeveloperCockroach LabsMicrosoftMicrosoftByteDance, originally Terark
Initial release2015201919892016
Current release23.1.1, May 2023cloud service with continuous releasesSQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availablecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial inforestricted open source version available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
CockroachDB: A cloud-native, distributed SQL database designed for speed, scale, and survival. Get started for free today with a fully-managed CockroachDB cluster -- leave operations behind and get your app to market faster.
Implementation languageGoC++C++
Server operating systemsLinux
macOS
Windows
hostedLinux
Windows
Data schemedynamic schemaFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesno
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesno
APIs and other access methodsJDBCMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
C++ API
Java API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javano
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using RAFTyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRole-based access controlAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno
More information provided by the system vendor
CockroachDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMicrosoft SQL ServerTerarkDB
Specific characteristicsCockroachDB is a cloud-native, distributed SQL database architected for modern applications....
» more
Competitive advantages- EFFORTLESS SCALE: Scale your applications, not operational complexity. CockroachDB...
» more
Typical application scenariosPayment processing, user account management, metadata management, identity access...
» more
Key customersComcast, DoorDash, Mythical Games, Norfolk Southern, Netflix, LUSH, Bose, Shipt,...
» more
Market metrics12K+ long-running clusters 25K+ CockroachDB self-hosted clusters 75K+ CockroachDB...
» more
Licensing and pricing models- Apache 2.0 for core features released up to and including the 19.1 release - Time-limited...
» more

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3rd partiesNavicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for SQL Server and many other database management systems.
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More resources
CockroachDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMicrosoft SQL ServerTerarkDB
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