DBMS > CockroachDB vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. NebulaGraph vs. Snowflake vs. SQream DB

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. NebulaGraph vs. Snowflake vs. SQream DB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

Cloud-based data warehousing service

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

a GPU-based, columnar RDBMS for big data analytics workloads

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	6.10
Rank	#58	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	1.34
Rank	#166	Overall
	#76	Relational DBMS

Score	2.12
Rank	#125	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Score	123.20
Rank	#9	Overall
	#6	Relational DBMS

Score	0.73
Rank	#228	Overall
	#105	Relational DBMS

Website

www.cockroachlabs.com

www.ibm.com/products/db2/warehouse

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

www.snowflake.com

sqream.com

Technical documentation

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

docs.nebula-graph.io

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

docs.sqream.com

Developer

Cockroach Labs

IBM

Vesoft Inc.

Snowflake Computing Inc.

SQream Technologies

Initial release

2015

2014

2019

2014

2017

Current release

23.1.1, May 2023

2022.1.6, December 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

CockroachDB: A cloud-native, distributed SQL database designed for speed, scale, and survival. Get started for free today with a fully-managed CockroachDB cluster -- leave operations behind and get your app to market faster.

Implementation language

C++

C++, CUDA, Haskell, Java, Scala

Server operating systems

Linux
macOS
Windows

hosted

Linux

hosted

Linux

Data scheme

dynamic schema

yes

Strong typed schema

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, ANSI Standard SQL Types

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import/export of XML data possible

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

SQL

Support of SQL

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

yes

SQL-like query language

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

.Net
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

PL/SQL, SQL PL

user defined functions

user defined functions in Python

Triggers

yes

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

Sharding

yes

horizontal and vertical partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication using RAFT

yes

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

yes

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using RocksDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Role-based access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

CockroachDB is a cloud-native, distributed SQL database architected for modern applications....
» more

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more

Competitive advantages

- EFFORTLESS SCALE: Scale your applications, not operational complexity. CockroachDB...
» more

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Payment processing, user account management, metadata management, identity access...
» more

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more

Key customers

Comcast, DoorDash, Mythical Games, Norfolk Southern, Netflix, LUSH, Bose, Shipt,...
» more

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more

Market metrics

12K+ long-running clusters 25K+ CockroachDB self-hosted clusters 75K+ CockroachDB...
» more

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

- Apache 2.0 for core features released up to and including the 19.1 release - Time-limited...
» more

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.