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DBMS > CockroachDB vs. Heroic vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. SingleStore

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. Heroic vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. SingleStore

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Time Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerMySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.74
Rank#67  Overall
#36  Relational DBMS
Score0.13
Rank#335  Overall
#29  Time Series DBMS
Score72.95
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score18.98
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score4.02
Rank#74  Overall
#39  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.cockroachlabs.comgithub.com/­spotify/­heroicazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaseazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.singlestore.com
Technical documentationwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsspotify.github.io/­heroicdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsdocs.singlestore.com
DeveloperCockroach LabsSpotifyMicrosoftMicrosoftSingleStore Inc.
Initial release20152014201020162013
Current release24.1.0, May 2024V128.5, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercialcommercial infofree developer edition available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoJavaC++C++C++, Go
Server operating systemsLinux
macOS
Windows
hostedhostedLinux info64 bit version required
Data schemedynamic schemaschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyes infovia Elasticsearchyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLnoyesyesyes infobut no triggers and foreign keys
APIs and other access methodsJDBCHQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Cluster Management API infoas HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoTransact SQLTransact SQLyes
Triggersnonoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding infohash partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using RAFTyesyes, with always 3 replicas availableyesSource-replica replication infostores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono infocan define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoAll updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesFine grained access control via users, groups and roles

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More resources
CockroachDBHeroicMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQL
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Recent citations in the news

Cockroach Labs Sets a New Benchmark in Enterprise Resilience with Next-Generation AI Capabilities and Enhanced Cloud Tiers
26 September 2024, PR Newswire

Cockroach Labs shakes up its licensing to force bigger companies to pay
15 August 2024, TechCrunch

CockroachDB scuttles away from open source Core offering
19 August 2024, The Register

CockroachDB retires self-hosted Core offering, makes Enterprise version free for companies under $10M in annual revenue
15 August 2024, SDTimes.com

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19 September 2024, Business Wire

SingleStore CEO sees little future for purpose-built vector databases
24 January 2024, VentureBeat

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