DBMS > CockroachDB vs. HEAVY.AI vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Oracle vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. HEAVY.AI vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Oracle vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

A high performance, column-oriented RDBMS, specifically developed to harness the massive parallelism of modern CPU and GPU hardware

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

Widely used RDBMS

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.74
Rank	#67	Overall
	#36	Relational DBMS

Score	1.41
Rank	#153	Overall
	#71	Relational DBMS

Score	72.95
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Score	1286.59
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	1.93
Rank	#121	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

www.cockroachlabs.com

github.com/heavyai/heavydb
www.heavy.ai

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

www.oracle.com/database

www.stardog.com

Technical documentation

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

docs.heavy.ai

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

docs.oracle.com/en/database

docs.stardog.com

Developer

Cockroach Labs

HEAVY.AI, Inc.

Microsoft

Oracle

Stardog-Union

Initial release

2015

2016

2010

1980

2010

Current release

24.1.0, May 2024

5.10, January 2022

V12

23c, September 2023

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

Open Source

Apache Version 2; enterprise edition available

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++ and CUDA

C++

C and C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

dynamic schema

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Vega

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/Thrift
Python

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

Sharding

Round robin

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication using RAFT

Multi-source replication

yes, with always 3 replicas available

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

yes

User concepts

Access control

Role-based access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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