DBMS > CockroachDB vs. GraphDB vs. Memgraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. GraphDB vs. Memgraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.

An open source graph database built for real-time streaming and compatible with Neo4j

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	6.10
Rank	#58	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	3.10
Rank	#100	Overall
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#4	RDF stores

Score	3.00
Rank	#102	Overall
	#8	Graph DBMS

Score	829.80
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Website

www.cockroachlabs.com

www.ontotext.com

memgraph.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

Technical documentation

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

graphdb.ontotext.com/documentation

memgraph.com/docs

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

Social network pages

Developer

Cockroach Labs

Ontotext

Memgraph Ltd

Microsoft

Initial release

2015

2000

2017

1989

Current release

23.1.1, May 2023

10.4, October 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

commercial

Some plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourced

commercial

Free license available

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

CockroachDB: A cloud-native, distributed SQL database designed for speed, scale, and survival. Get started for free today with a fully-managed CockroachDB cluster -- leave operations behind and get your app to market faster.

Implementation language

Java

C and C++

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
macOS
Windows

All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

Linux
Windows

Data scheme

dynamic schema

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapes

schema-free and schema-optional

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

yes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBC

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1

Bolt protocol
Cypher query language

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Elixir
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibility

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

none

Sharding

dynamic graph partitioning

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication using RAFT

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication using RAFT

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Constraint checking

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

with snapshot isolation

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with periodic snapshot and write-ahead logging (WAL) of changes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Role-based access control

Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.

Users, roles and permissions

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

CockroachDB is a cloud-native, distributed SQL database architected for modern applications....
» more

Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more

Memgraph directly connects to your streaming infrastructure so you and your team...
» more

Competitive advantages

- EFFORTLESS SCALE: Scale your applications, not operational complexity. CockroachDB...
» more

GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more

Business Source License ensures a future for the Memgraph community MAGE algorithm...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Payment processing, user account management, metadata management, identity access...
» more

Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more

Graph algorithms in bioinformatics Social network analysis Cryptocurrency network...
» more

Key customers

Comcast, DoorDash, Mythical Games, Norfolk Southern, Netflix, LUSH, Bose, Shipt,...
» more

GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more

Market metrics

12K+ long-running clusters 25K+ CockroachDB self-hosted clusters 75K+ CockroachDB...
» more

GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

- Apache 2.0 for core features released up to and including the 19.1 release - Time-limited...
» more

GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more

You can check out our pricing model and licenses on the company website .
» more

News

Scaling Understanding with the Help of Feedback Loops, Knowledge Graphs and NLP
19 April 2024

How Knowledge Graphs Power Data Mesh and Data Fabric
10 April 2024

Building Smarter Financial Services: The Role of Semantic Technologies, Knowledge Graphs and Generative AI
3 April 2024

Using GraphDB’s Natural Language Interface to Talk with Your Content
29 March 2024

Choosing A Graph Data Model to Best Serve Your Use Case
27 March 2024

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.