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DBMS > CockroachDB vs. Datomic vs. etcd vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. Datomic vs. etcd vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonetcd  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityA distributed reliable key-value storeWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score6.10
Rank#58  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score1.76
Rank#145  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score7.64
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.cockroachlabs.comwww.datomic.cometcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
www.postgresql.org
Technical documentationwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsdocs.datomic.cometcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
www.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperCockroach LabsCognitectPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release201520121989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release23.1.1, May 20231.0.6735, June 20233.4, August 201916.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availablecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageGoJava, ClojureGoC
Server operating systemsLinux
macOS
Windows
All OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemedynamic schemayesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLnonoyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBCRESTful HTTP APIgRPC
JSON over HTTP
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Clojure
Java
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoTransaction Functionsnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
TriggersnoBy using transaction functionsyes, watching key changesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peerspartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using RAFTnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentnono
User concepts infoAccess controlRole-based access controlnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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