DBMS > Citus vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.02
Rank	#108	Overall
	#55	Relational DBMS

Score	80.37
Rank	#16	Overall
	#10	Relational DBMS

Score	614.85
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Website

www.citusdata.com

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/sql-database

www.postgresql.org

Technical documentation

docs.citusdata.com

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

www.postgresql.org/docs

Developer

Microsoft

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Initial release

2010

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

Current release

8.1, December 2018

V12

15.1, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

commercial

Open Source

BSD

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

ScaleGrid for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL DBaaS hosting On-Premises and on clouds such as AWS, Azure, GCP and DigitalOcean with no vendor lock-in. Leverage any extension and get SSH access.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed and hosted PostgreSQL® with 70+ extensions and orchestration tooling included.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

Linux

hosted

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

yes

standard with numerous extensions

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Transact SQL

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

yes, with always 3 replicas available

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

3rd parties

Instaclustr: Fully Hosted & Managed PostgreSQL
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pgDash: In-Depth PostgreSQL Monitoring.
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Navicat for PostgreSQL is an easy-to-use graphical tool for PostgreSQL database development.
» more

The State of PostgreSQL 2022 survey is now open!
» more

Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres: An Enterprise Grade PostgreSQL with the flexibility of a hybrid cloud solution combined with industry leading security, availability and performance.
» more

Datasentinel: Platform for Monitoring and Analyzing the performance problems of your PostgreSQL Clusters
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Aiven for PostgreSQL: The familiar open source PostgreSQL® that you know and love, with no proprietary features or add-ons that will lock you in.
» more

SQLFlow: Provides a visual representation of the overall flow of data. Automated SQL data lineage analysis across Databases, ETL, Business Intelligence, Cloud and Hadoop environments by parsing SQL Script and stored procedure.
» more

Percona: Database problems? Not on your watch.
Databases run better with Percona.
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We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2020
4 January 2021, Paul Andlinger, Matthias Gelbmann

Cloud-based DBMS's popularity grows at high rates
12 December 2019, Paul Andlinger

The popularity of cloud-based DBMSs has increased tenfold in four years
7 February 2017, Matthias Gelbmann

show all

Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year
3 January 2023, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021
3 January 2022, Paul Andlinger, Matthias Gelbmann

Driving the Future of PostgreSQL Adoption
15 November 2021, Umair Shahid, Percona (sponsor)

show all

Conferences and events

more DBMS events

PGCon 2023, PostgreSQL Conference for Users and Developers
Ottawa, Canada, 30 May 2023 - 2 June 2023

Recent citations in the news

Microsoft Announces PostgreSQL Option for Cosmos DB
12 October 2022, The New Stack

Citus For PostgreSQL Goes Fully Open Source
4 July 2022, iProgrammer

Microsoft Expands Azure PostgreSQL Moxy Through Citus Data ...
30 January 2019, Data Center Knowledge

What is Azure Database for PostgreSQL Flexible Server?
24 June 2022, TechRepublic

Google Makes Postgres-Compatible AlloyDB Generally Available
14 December 2022, The New Stack

provided by Google News

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13 January 2023, iProgrammer

The Dangers of Default Cloud Configurations
16 January 2023, Dark Reading

Spring Cloud Azure 5.0 Ships with Updated, Redesigned ...
25 January 2023, Visual Studio Magazine

Securing PostgreSQL from Cryptojacking Campaigns in Kubernetes
26 January 2023, CrowdStrike

Azure SQL Database External REST Endpoints Integration Now in ...
30 November 2022, InfoQ.com

provided by Google News

What is PostgreSQL?
25 January 2023, Database Journal

Securing PostgreSQL from Cryptojacking Campaigns in Kubernetes
26 January 2023, CrowdStrike

Running Applications in Docker, Part 2: Table Joins in PostgreSQL
20 January 2023, Virtualization Review

Microsoft: Kubernetes clusters hacked in malware campaign via PostgreSQL
9 January 2023, BleepingComputer

UPDATE -- Quest Software Announces General Availability of ...
23 January 2023, GlobeNewswire

provided by Google News

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