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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. HyperSQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. HyperSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDB
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score14.03
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.15
Rank#123  Overall
#60  Relational DBMS
Score3.90
Rank#85  Overall
#46  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comhsqldb.org
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.citusdata.comhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera
Initial release201320102001
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.1, December 20182.7.2, June 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infobased on BSD license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CJava
Server operating systemsLinuxLinuxAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes
Data schemeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Java, SQL
Triggersnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCitusHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB
Recent citations in the news

Apache Impala becomes Top-Level Project
28 November 2017, SDTimes.com

Apache Impala 4 Supports Operator Multi-Threading
29 July 2021, iProgrammer

Cloudera Bringing Impala to AWS Cloud
28 November 2017, Datanami

Apache Doris just 'graduated': Why care about this SQL data warehouse
24 June 2022, InfoWorld

Hudi: Uber Engineering’s Incremental Processing Framework on Apache Hadoop
12 March 2017, Uber

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Ubicloud wants to build an open source alternative to AWS
5 March 2024, TechCrunch

How Citus Health Uses AWS to Provide Secure and Real-Time Virtual Patient Care - AWS Startups
18 August 2023, AWS Blog

Microsoft Benchmarks Distributed PostgreSQL DBs
10 July 2023, Datanami

Distributed PostgreSQL Benchmarks: Azure Cosmos DB, CockroachDB, and YugabyteDB
8 July 2023, InfoQ.com

Microsoft acquires Citus Data, re-affirming its commitment to Open Source and accelerating Azure PostgreSQL ...
24 January 2019, blogs.microsoft.com

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HyperSQL DataBase flaw leaves library vulnerable to RCE
24 October 2022, The Daily Swig

Introduction to JDBC with HSQLDB tutorial
14 November 2022, TheServerSide.com

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