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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Heroic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Milvus

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Heroic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Milvus

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLTime Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerA DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searches
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSVector DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score14.03
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.15
Rank#123  Overall
#60  Relational DBMS
Score0.57
Rank#250  Overall
#21  Time Series DBMS
Score22.71
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score1.81
Rank#144  Overall
#5  Vector DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comgithub.com/­spotify/­heroicazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsmilvus.io
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.citusdata.comspotify.github.io/­heroicdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsmilvus.io/­docs/­overview.md
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaSpotifyMicrosoft
Initial release20132010201420162019
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.1, December 20182.3.4, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus
Implementation languageC++CJavaC++C++, Go
Server operating systemsLinuxLinuxhostedLinux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesVector, Numeric and String
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infovia Elasticsearchyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoyesno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
Java
PHP
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noTransact SQLno
Triggersnoyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesRole based access control and fine grained access rights
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaCitusHeroicMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseMilvus
Specific characteristicsMilvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more
Competitive advantagesHighly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more
Typical application scenariosRAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more
Key customersMilvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
Market metricsAs of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMilvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCitusHeroicMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseMilvus
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