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DBMS > Citus vs. DuckDB vs. OrientDB

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. DuckDB vs. OrientDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.98
Rank#114  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score6.35
Rank#54  Overall
#32  Relational DBMS
Score2.73
Rank#94  Overall
#16  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#14  Key-value stores
Websitewww.citusdata.comduckdb.orgorientdb.org
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comduckdb.org/­docswww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.html
DeveloperOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP
Initial release201020182010
Current release8.1, December 20181.0.0, June 20243.2.29, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC++Java
Server operating systemsLinuxserver-lessAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)
Data schemeyesyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesSQL-like query language, no joins
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noJava, Javascript
TriggersyesnoHooks
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneMulti-source replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infocould be achieved with distributed queries
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes inforelationship in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

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CitusDuckDBOrientDB
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Recent citations in the news

Microsoft acquires Citus Data, re-affirming its commitment to Open Source and accelerating Azure PostgreSQL performance and scale
24 January 2019, Microsoft

Ubicloud wants to build an open source alternative to AWS
5 March 2024, TechCrunch

Microsoft acquires Citus Data, creators of a cloud-friendly version of the PostgreSQL database
24 January 2019, GeekWire

Microsoft buys an open source database startup to give it an edge against Amazon Web Services
24 January 2019, Business Insider

Citus Data Announces Citus Cloud Database Support for HIPAA and SOC 2 Type 2 Compliance
13 November 2018, Business Wire

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Love Data Week '25 Webinar: Big Data in R: Larger-than-Memory Data Analysis with Arrow and DuckDB
11 February 2025, The Hub at Johns Hopkins

MotherDuck Announces Beta Release of pg_duckdb; Brings DuckDB's Analytics Power to PostgreSQL Users
24 October 2024, PR Newswire

A Guide to Data Analysis in Python with DuckDB
18 November 2024, KDnuggets

DuckDB + Webassembly = WhatTheDuck
2 January 2025, iProgrammer

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A Look at OrientDB: The Graph-Document NoSQL
19 August 2013, SitePoint

Figure 4. OrientDB as multi-model database (courtesy of Orient...
15 March 2018, ResearchGate

OrientDB: A Flexible and Scalable Multi-Model NoSQL DBMS
21 January 2022, Open Source For You

OrientDB Graph Database Upgraded
7 August 2013, iProgrammer

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1 January 2025, Solutions Review

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