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DBMS > Citus vs. ClickHouse vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Access vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. ClickHouse vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Access vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonClickHouse  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA high-performance, column-oriented SQL DBMS for online analytical processing (OLAP) that uses all available system resources to their full potential to process each analytical query as fast as possible. It is available as both an open-source software and a cloud offering.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Microsoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeTime Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.21
Rank#129  Overall
#61  Relational DBMS
Score16.31
Rank#37  Overall
#23  Relational DBMS
Score3.37
Rank#97  Overall
#50  Relational DBMS
Score107.93
Rank#11  Overall
#8  Relational DBMS
Score23.95
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comclickhouse.comcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­accessazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comclickhouse.com/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­accessdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperClickhouse Inc.GoogleMicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release20102016201719922016
Current release8.1, December 2018v23.12.1.1368-stable, December 20231902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial infoBundled with Microsoft Officecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
  • Aiven for Clickhouse: Managed cloud data warehousing with high-speed analytics.
  • ClickHouse Cloud: Get the performance you love from open source ClickHouse in a serverless offering that takes care of the details so you can spend more time getting insight out of the fastest database on earth.
  • DoubleCloud: Fully managed ClickHouse alongside best-in-class managed open-source services to build analytics at scale.
Implementation languageCC++C++C++
Server operating systemsLinuxFreeBSD
Linux
macOS
hostedWindows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLshosted
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsClose to ANSI SQL (SQL/JSON + extensions)yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infobut not compliant to any SQL standardyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
gRPC
HTTP REST
JDBC
MySQL wire protocol
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Proprietary protocol
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C# info3rd party library
C++
Elixir info3rd party library
Go info3rd party library
Java info3rd party library
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party library
Kotlin info3rd party library
Nim info3rd party library
Perl info3rd party library
PHP info3rd party library
Python info3rd party library
R info3rd party library
Ruby info3rd party library
Rust
Scala info3rd party library
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yesnoyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineTransact SQL
Triggersyesnonoyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingkey based and customShardingnoneSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsAsynchronous and synchronous physical replication; geographically distributed replicas; support for object storages.Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.noneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID infobut no files for transaction loggingACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infobut no files for transaction loggingyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles. Column and row based policies. Quotas and resource limits. Pluggable authentication with LDAP and Kerberos. Password based, X.509 certificate, and SSH key authentication.Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)no infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003yes

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Related products and services
3rd partiesAiven for Clickhouse: Managed cloud data warehousing with high-speed analytics.
» more

DoubleCloud: Fully managed ClickHouse alongside best-in-class managed open-source services to build analytics at scale.
» more

We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources
CitusClickHouseGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft AccessMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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