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DBMS > Cassandra vs. NebulaGraph vs. Neo4j

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. NebulaGraph vs. Neo4j

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings
Primary database modelWide column storeGraph DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score103.86
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score2.12
Rank#125  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score44.47
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orggithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
neo4j.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdocs.nebula-graph.ioneo4j.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookVesoft Inc.Neo4j, Inc.
Initial release200820192007
Current release4.1.3, July 20235.18.1, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJavaC++Java, Scala
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeStrong typed schemaschema-free and schema-optional
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)SQL-like query languageno
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functionsyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functions
Triggersyesyes infovia event handler
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"Shardingyes using Neo4j Fabric
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleCausal Clustering using Raft protocolCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version only
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoRelationships in graphsyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing RocksDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectRole-based access controlUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraNebulaGraphNeo4j
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
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Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
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Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
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Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
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Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more
GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
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